(1) It is used as a corrosion inhibitor, a plasticizer , and a lubricant, as well as an ingredient in a variety of polymers and personal care products.(2) Some products, called plastisols, contain no solvent and consist of polymers dispersed in a liquid plasticizer .(3) Those compounds include human and veterinary drugs (including antibiotics), natural and synthetic hormones, detergents, plasticizers , insecticides and fire retardants.(4) Another popular brand, Saran Original, contains chlorine and plasticizers , but not phthalates, according to manufacturer S.C. Johnson & Sons.(5) They are also used as plasticizers to improve the characteristics of polymers.(6) Commercial nylon formulations often include plasticisers such as water, acids, alcohols and phenols, which reduce the yield stress and Young's modulus of the polymer, but increase the material toughness.(7) Typical plasticizers for PVC are long chain organic compounds such as phthalates, adipates and organophosphates. secondary plasticizers include chlorinated paraffins and epoxidised natural oils.(8) Two components used in making the polyvinyl chloride are lead stabilizers and plasticizers , which allow the material to remain flexible.(9) Because PVC is very brittle, plasticizers are added for flexibility and softness.(10) The new law will also ban persistent organic pollutants and other persistent chemicals such as lead and require the phasing out of chlorinated paraffins, such as plasticisers and flame retardants.(11) Particulate fillers like talc or ground calcium carbonate generally increase stiffness, while plasticizers enhance flexibility.(12) Solid vinyl tile is a non-backed product that contains higher levels of vinyl resins, plasticizers and stabilizers than composition tile.(13) They are mainly used as starting materials for manufacturing iso-nonanols, which are then converted into dialkylphthalate plasticisers .(14) In the past, synthetic plasticizers have been used to improve the mechanical properties of films made from commercial zein.(15) Phthalates, industrial plasticizers that disrupt animal development, were also detected in resident crayfish.(16) This announcement followed the European Commission banning phthalate plasticisers in PVC teething toys for children under three years old.
